People who have suffered a stroke have a unique set of risk factors that contributed to that event. Identifying the underlying cause of the stroke is crucial to preventing another one in the future. Dr. Marla Gallo, coordinating neurologist of our clinic’s Stroke Unit, explains how to prevent a new stroke and the key steps to maintaining health after a stroke.

How to prevent a new stroke?

People who have had a stroke are at an increased risk of having another one. There are several risk factors that should be closely monitored, among them:

• Blood pressure control. Keeping blood pressure at healthy levels is essential.
• Control of atrial fibrillation. This arrhythmia increases the risk of stroke fivefold. If you suffer from atrial fibrillation, you are likely to be prescribed anticoagulants.
• Smoking cessation. Smoking cessation significantly reduces the risk of another stroke.
• Regular exercise. Maintaining adequate physical activity improves cardiovascular health.
• Cholesterol control. It is important to keep cholesterol levels under control.
• Management of diabetes and associated heart disease. These conditions increase the risk of another stroke.

What role do drugs play in prevention?

It is essential to continue taking your medications as directed by your doctor. Do not stop any treatment without first consulting your doctor. Among the most important medications are:

• Anti-aggregants. These drugs prevent the formation of clots.
• Anticoagulants. They prevent the formation of blood clots. If you are taking anticoagulants such as warfarin, it is recommended to avoid excessive consumption of green leafy vegetables, such as spinach or cabbage, as they may interfere with the treatment.

What are the warning signs of a new stroke?

Recognizing the signs of a possible stroke can save your life or the life of someone close to you. Symptoms include:

• Weakness in the muscles of the face, arm and/or leg.
• Difficulty in speaking or understanding what is said.
• Vision problems.
• Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of balance.

What to do if you suspect a new stroke?
It is crucial to act quickly if you notice symptoms of a stroke:

• Check the time when the symptoms appeared.
• Do not ignore symptoms, even if they disappear. Seek medical attention immediately.
• Call an ambulance for emergency care.

Dr. Marla Gallo
Coordinating neurologist of our Clínica Ricardo Palma Stroke Unit