Migraine is a type of intense, throbbing headache that is often located on one side of the head. It is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and neurological factors. Common triggers are stress, certain foods (chocolate and cheese), hormonal changes, lack of sleep, environmental changes (bright lights or loud noises). Dr. Meylin Hidalgo, neurologist at our clinic, shares key information to understand and treat this condition.

What are the characteristic symptoms of migraine?

Migraine manifests with a throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. It is often accompanied by nausea, dizziness and sensitivity to light or sound. In some cases, patients may also experience visual aura, such as flashing lights or blind spots.

How is migraine diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based primarily on the patient’s clinical history. Symptoms, frequency and duration of episodes are evaluated, in addition to a neurological examination to rule out other causes of headache. In certain cases, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

What measures help prevent migraine?

This intense headache can seriously affect the sufferer’s quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended to follow these simple strategies to prevent a migraine attack:

• Identify and avoid triggers (certain foods and stress).
• Maintain a regular sleep and meal schedule.
• Regular physical exercise.
• Consider the use of preventive medications under medical supervision.

What does the treatment consist of?

Migraine treatment is approached from two perspectives:

• Relief of acute attacks. Analgesics such as ibuprofen or paracetamol are used, as well as specific drugs such as triptans.
• Prevention of future episodes. Includes medications such as beta-blockers, anticonvulsants or antidepressants to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.

Remember:

• Suffering from migraine does not mean being dependent on medication for life. Many people manage their symptoms through lifestyle changes and short-term treatments.
• It is essential that patients feel listened to and understood. Migraine can be disabling, but with proper treatment and a personalized approach, many people can lead active and fulfilling lives. Don’t hesitate to seek medical support and explore all available options.

Dr. Meylin Hidalgo
Neurologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma