“In Peru, approximately 2,900 new cases of lung cancer are registered each year, affecting both men and women equally. Often, diagnosis occurs in advanced stages, which contributes to its high mortality. In fact, only 20% of patients receive early diagnosis and treatment. This disease, which used to be diagnosed mainly in older adults, is increasingly affecting young people and adolescents, even as young as 16 years of age”, refers Dr. Edgar Amorin Kajatt, thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon of our clinic, within the framework of World Lung Cancer Day, to be celebrated this Sunday, November 17.

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

• Cigarette smoking remains the main risk factor, and 90% of patients with lung cancer have had exposure to tobacco. Although Peru does not have a high rate of smokers, other sources of exposure, such as domestic wood smoke, engines, factories and radon gas in homes, also increase the risk.
• Smokers who smoke more than one pack a day for more than 10 years are especially vulnerable. Therefore, an annual medical checkup is essential for early detection.

What are the warning signs?

In the early stages, lung cancer usually has no symptoms. However, when a tumor mass develops, signs may appear such as persistent cough that does not respond to treatment, chest pain, fatigue, significant weight loss, malaise, sustained malaise, lack of appetite and sensory increase in smell and taste (dislike of food, including favorite dishes).

How is it diagnosed?

Lung CT is the most effective tool for early detection, especially in high-risk individuals. Simple lung X-rays or tumor markers are not ideal for initial assessment.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer. For early-stage patients, surgery to remove the tumor and regional nodes is recommended. In moderate stages, a combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy is considered, sometimes followed by surgery in selected cases. In advanced stages, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used to control the disease. Some patients may also benefit from biologic treatments or receive palliative care for pain control.

Our specialist recommends

Parents should avoid smoking and teach their children about the risks involved. They are also advised to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals and particles that favor the appearance of this cancer, which is the most common cancer worldwide.

Dr. Edgar Amorin Kajatt
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon of Clínica Ricardo Palma