Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Each year an average of 17.9 million people die from it. Given the seriousness of the situation, it is essential to understand how environmental factors such as low temperatures can affect the health of cardiac patients. Dr. Edgar Quispe, cardiologist and specialist in cardio-oncology at our institution, provides us with more information on this subject.

How do extreme temperatures influence cardiovascular health?

Several studies have found that extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, are associated with increased mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular conditions. In the case of cold, it has been observed that low temperatures can generate cardiovascular complications, especially in people with pre-existing pathologies.

How does cold affect the cardiovascular system?

• Cold has an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system in several ways. For example, to maintain body temperature, the body tends to increase blood circulation to the skin, which increases metabolic demand and the workload of the heart.
• Similarly, cold can cause peripheral vasoconstriction, which raises blood pressure and vascular resistance, thus generating greater cardiovascular stress. Thus, patients with cardiovascular disease may experience a worsening of their condition during periods of low temperatures.

Recommendations to take care of your heart health

It is not only the cold that can have a negative impact on your cardiovascular health, but also changes in temperature. Therefore, it is essential that you take certain precautions to avoid complications. Keep the following tips in mind:

1. Limit physical exertion at times when temperatures are lower: dawn and dusk.
2. Wrap up properly, especially your head, hands and feet.
3. Get a flu shot.
4. Remember that alcohol does not increase body temperature, so avoid consuming it thinking that it will help keep you warm.
5. Maintain a healthy and balanced diet, with high consumption of vegetables and fruits, and moderate consumption of red meat.
6. Avoid very humid and windy cold environments.

Dr. Edgar Quispe
Cardiologist and Specialist in Cardio-Oncology at Clínica Ricardo