Ischemic stroke, also known as cerebral infarction, is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. This condition occurs when a blood vessel that carries blood to the brain becomes blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching brain tissue, causing irreversible damage to neurons. Dr. Marla Gallo, neurologist and coordinator of our clinic’s Stroke Unit, explains the effects of a stroke and the best ways to treat and rehabilitate.

What is an ischemic stroke?

Ischemic stroke is a disease that affects the arteries of the brain. It occurs when a clot blocks a blood vessel, cutting off the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. This causes brain damage that can be permanent if not treated quickly.

What is the treatment for ischemic stroke?

Early treatment is essential to reduce the after-effects of stroke. A drug called alteplase, administered intravenously, is used to dissolve the clot and allow blood to flow back to the brain. In some cases, endovascular treatment, where a catheter directly removes the clot, may be used.

What physical effects can occur after a stroke?

Physical effects vary depending on the severity of the stroke and the affected area of the brain. Among the most common are:

• Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.
• Fatigue.
• Spasticity, which causes involuntary contraction of the muscles.
• Dysarthria, which affects the ability to speak clearly.
• Aphasia, which hinders the comprehension and expression of language.
• Cognitive changes, such as memory problems.
• Emotional disorders, such as depression, anxiety or emotional instability.
• Seizures.

How is rehabilitation carried out after a stroke?

Approximately two-thirds of stroke survivors require rehabilitation to regain function and improve their quality of life. Rehabilitation aims to help the patient relearn lost skills, increase independence and prevent complications such as infection or immobilization ulcers.

What role does neuroplasticity play in rehabilitation?

Neuroplasticity is the process by which the brain can “rewire” itself to recover lost functions. Repetitive and well-directed practice is key to this process, as it allows other areas of the brain to take over the functions previously performed by the damaged area.

Remember: Early treatment and ongoing rehabilitation are essential to improve prognosis and quality of life after stroke.

Dr. Marla Gallo
Neurologist and Coordinator at Clínica Ricardo Palma Stroke Unit