Each year, there are 240,000 new cases of colorectal cancer in the Americas region, occupying the fourth place in causes of death, according to the Pan American Health Organization. This type of cancer begins in the large intestine (colon) and originates, in most cases, from polyps (they can also be from ulcerated lesions) which, with time, can turn into cancer. Dr. Rafael Garatea, general surgeon and surgical oncologist of our institution, gives us more information about this type of cancer.

What are the risk factors for colon cancer?

• People over 50 years of age. Although it can appear at any age.
• Family or personal history of colorectal cancer or polyposis.
• Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, such as: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease.
• Hereditary syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
• Diet low in fiber and high in fat.
• Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption.

What symptoms does colon cancer manifest?

• Persistent changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, plus changes in stool consistency.
• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
• Constant abdominal discomfort, such as cramping, gas, or pain.
• Sensation of incomplete evacuation.
• Weakness, fatigue, unexplained weight loss.

To prevent colorectal cancer, our specialist recommends:

• Consume a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
• Avoid alcohol and tobacco consumption.
• Exercise regularly.
• Maintain a healthy weight.

Remember:

• It is key to be screened for colon cancer around the age of 45 to 50. Those at higher risk, such as a family history, should consider testing earlier.
• It is important to talk with a physician to choose the most appropriate screening test.

Dr. Rafael Garatea
General surgeon and surgical oncologist of our Clínica Ricardo Palma