World Alzheimer’s Day was commemorated on September 21 with the aim of raising awareness of this disease. The Pan American Health Organization estimates that more than 10.3 million people suffer from this condition in the Americas, and that it is one of the most frequent causes of death among people aged 60 and over. Dr. Alfonso Uribe, neurologist of our clinic, teaches us how to recognize this disease and how to treat it properly.

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects mental abilities and causes difficulties in performing basic day-to-day activities, generating dependence in the patient.

What are its symptoms?

Difficulty in remembering things and names, planning, learning, and behavioral manifestations such as sadness, apathy and socially inappropriate behaviors are some of the symptoms. In the beginning, there may be a slight loss of contact with reality, as well as gait disturbances and sleeping difficulties, among other signs. The first symptoms of the condition usually appear after the age of 65; however, there is a rare type of Alzheimer’s, called early-onset, which affects people between the ages of 30 and 60.

How is it diagnosed?

Basically, a clinical evaluation is performed, which includes the identification of the first signs and symptoms.

A clinical evaluation is performed, including identification of early symptoms and disease progression. For a proper diagnosis, a reliable informant is key. Neuropsychological evaluations are performed to identify the affected mental domain, in addition to laboratory and imaging tests to rule out other causes. In some cases, biomarker testing of blood or cerebrospinal fluid is required.

What does the treatment consist of?

There are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that seek to alleviate the symptoms and delay the progression of the disease. Despite the many research studies carried out to combat Alzheimer’s disease, there is no drug available so far that can modify its course.

How to give quality of life to a patient with Alzheimer’s disease?

A comprehensive approach is essential, including medical support, occupational therapy, physiotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as workshops and programs that encourage participation in social activities. The environment must be adapted to prevent accidents and facilitate independence. In addition, emotional and psychological support for both the patient and caregivers is crucial. All this can contribute to maintaining functional abilities for a longer period.

Remember:

Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and its comprehensive management are essential to improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patient and his or her family.

Dr. Alfonso Uribe
Neurologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma