“It is important to recognize at an early stage any signs of respiratory distress, especially in at-risk children. Hospital treatment will prevent complications by helping the child to breathe and keeping him or her hydrated. To do this, we can administer supplemental oxygen or give ventilatory support. In addition, small volumes of frequent liquid feeding through a tube, via the mouth and nose, and even intravenously, if necessary,” says Dr. Carlos José Mendoza Fox, a pediatric pulmonologist at our clinic.

What is bronchiolitis and what causes it?                                                                                                    

It is an acute respiratory infection that causes bronchial obstruction, preceded by a picture similar to the common cold and usually affects children under 2 years of age. This frequent pathology is caused by viruses, mainly rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, but also by influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, etc.

What are the symptoms?

Initially there is rhinorrhea, cough and mild fever, later there is shortness of breath and wheezing (“whistling in the chest”). In severe cases there is a great increase in respiratory frequency and retractions (“rib collapse”).

Is bronchiolitis contagious?

The virus that causes it is, but not necessarily every infected child will have bronchiolitis, in fact, most will have a picture similar to a common cold.

How to prevent it?

• Encouraging breastfeeding, since it is associated with a lower risk of bronchiolitis and, if present, with a better evolution.
• Avoiding maternal smoking to reduce the incidence and severity of bronchiolitis, especially during pregnancy.
• Strictly complying with the baby’s vaccination schedule.
• In order to reduce the risk of hospitalization in high-risk patients, it is suggested to administer monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus.

Recommendations at home: 

• Keep rooms adequately ventilated.
• Avoid contact with people with respiratory illnesses.
• Frequent hand washing and vaccination against influenza by caregivers.
• Avoid exposure to tobacco and environmental contamination.

Dr. Carlos José Mendoza Fox, a pediatric pulmonologist at our clinic.

Dr. Carlos José Mendoza Fox
Pediatric Pulmonologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma