The World Health Organization has again declared an international public health emergency due to monkeypox, now known as Mpox in its new variant. In this context, it is crucial to know how it spreads and how to prevent this infection, which in Africa has exceeded 15,000 cases and caused the death of more than 460 people. Dr. Julio Cachay, internist and infectologist of our clinic, provides us with valuable information on this subject.

What is monkeypox?

Monkeypox is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It is a zoonosis, a condition that is transmitted from animals to humans, although it can also spread from person to person. Its symptoms are similar to those of smallpox, although generally not serious, it is uncomfortable.

How is it transmitted?

This virus is spread through saliva, blood from skin lesions, sores, mouth ulcers, body fluids and direct contact with sick people.

What are its symptoms and how does the virus develop?

• Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, chills, lack of energy, swollen glands, and rashes usually concentrated on the face, palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
• The eruptions begin as papules, develop into vesicles (small fluid-filled sacs), and then form crusts that dry and fall off. Most of the time, the symptomatology is managed at home; however, in isolated cases, it may become complicated.

Diagnosis and treatment

• Diagnosis is confirmed by four types of tests: blood sample, crust sample, lesion swab and nasopharyngeal swab.
• Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications, following the treating physician’s instructions. It is recommended that the affected person stays well hydrated.

Incubation and isolation period

The infection has an incubation period of 6 to 16 days and can last up to 21 days. During this time, it is advisable to keep the patient in isolation to prevent the spread of the virus. If you have a patient at home, this is essential:

• Separation of objects. Separate glasses, cutlery, bed linen and towels. If possible, use of a separate bathroom.
• Protective measures: Maximize hygiene and disinfection measures. The use of masks and disposable gloves is essential to prevent transmission.

Dr. Julio Cachay
Internist and infectologist at Clínica Ricardo Palma