“When colorectal cancer is diagnosed early it can be treated successfully in 90% of cases. In Peru it is slightly more common in women. However, worldwide there is a higher incidence in men”, highlights Dr. Rafael Garatea, coordinator of the General Surgery and Oncologic Surgery Services of our clinic, who gives us more information about this pathology.

From what age should we be screened for this neoplasm and what does it consist of?

Depending on family history and risk factors, it is advisable to have a preventive check-up from 45 – 50 years of age. This consists of a fecal occult blood test, a colonoscopy, a contrast study and a CT scan. Colonoscopy and tomography are the most frequently performed studies for colorectal cancer detection.

What are the characteristic symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Its symptoms are alteration of the evacuatory rhythm or bowel movements (constant diarrhea or constipation), anemia, cramps or persistent abdominal pain, presence of blood in stool, rectal bleeding, unexplained fatigue, feeling of permanent incomplete evacuation, weight loss, among others.

What does the treatment consist of?

According to the moment of diagnosis, treatments vary. If it is endoscopic (colonoscopy), resection of the lesion or polyp may be sufficient. If this is not the best option, the procedure may be surgical. Depending on the clinical stage and location of the neoplasm, the patient may require pre- or postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Depending on the location and stage of the lesion in the rectum, it may be treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone.

Recommendations that will help you prevent colorectal cancer:

• Avoid overweight, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high consumption of fats, sausages, processed products, and red meat, as well as excessive intake of alcohol and tobacco.
• Follow a balanced nutritional regimen, increasing the consumption of fiber, vegetables, and fruit, and reducing the consumption of animal fat.
• Exercise at least 3 times a week. Have screening tests once a year, if there is a family history of the pathology or if you have already reached 45 years of age.
• In case of having or being diagnosed with colorectal cancer, go to a specialized center with trained professionals who can offer all the therapeutic alternatives and guidance regarding this pathology.

Dr. Rafael Garatea
General Surgery and Oncologic at Clínica Ricardo Palma