“The diagnosis of this condition is made by evaluating the medical history to rule out infectious causes, and a thorough physical examination that will indicate the child’s hydration status. In certain situations, it is necessary to carry out auxiliary tests such as blood tests and stool tests to determine the infectious agent in cases of persistent diarrhea ”, says Dr. Erick Olivera, pediatrician at our clinic.

What is Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) and what are its most common causes?

It is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract that is manifested mainly by diarrhea. In children under 5 years of age, it is frequently caused by viruses, but it can also be caused by bacteria and parasites present on dirty hands, soil, food, and by contact with infected people.

What are its symptoms?

Non-inflammatory AGE may have liquid stools, without blood or mucus. It can also cause vomiting and sometimes respiratory symptoms

Inflammatory AGE may present with mucus and bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and irritability.

What is the treatment of acute gastroenteritis?

• Rehydration. Ensure a sufficient intake of fluids and electrolytes by mouth. In severe cases, intravenous hydration will be required
• Early oral feeding. Restart feeding at the cessation of vomiting. In infants, breastfeeding or adapted formula should be maintained
• Antibiotic treatment. In cases of infectious bacterial origin
• Use of probiotics. Shortens the duration and intensity of symptoms
• Use of antiemetics. To decrease vomiting episodes
• Zinc. It has shown benefits in the prevention and treatment of AGE

What complications can acute gastroenteritis have?

The main complication is the degree of dehydration associated with the symptoms. Some cases may present a febrile seizure, sepsis, electrolyte disturbances, among others.

Our specialist recommends:

• Do not restrict the diet initially. Avoid very sugary foods that promote diarrhea (juices, soft drinks) and propose a liquid-soft diet in the first 24 hours
• Do not withdraw lactose, except in case of prolonged diarrhea
• Avoid soft drinks or energy drinks as a substitute for oral serum
• Practice preventive measures such as hand washing for children and their caregivers (before and after preparing and eating food, after using the bathroom and changing diapers)
• Get vaccinated against rotavirus. A vaccinated child can develop AGE from rotavirus, but it will be less severe and of shorter duration.

Dr. Erick Olivera
Pediatrician at Clínica Ricardo Palma